Kanban
A way of managing ongoing work by making it visible, capping how much runs at once, and improving steadily.
Source: Essential Kanban Condensed, 2016 edition (Anderson & Carmichael, Lean Kanban University).
Event
- Kanban Meeting
- A short daily meeting where the team looks at the board and plans its next step.
Crosswalk: MeetingsRunning it well:
- It stays short, stays focused on the board, and ends with clear next steps rather than open discussion.
- It happens at the same time and place every day so it becomes a habit, not an event to schedule around.
Going wrong looks like:
- It turns into a long status meeting where each person narrates their day instead of the team looking at the board together.
- It gets skipped whenever the team feels busy, which is exactly when it would help most.
- Replenishment Meeting
- A regular meeting where new work is chosen and pulled onto the board.
Crosswalk: MeetingsRunning it well:
- It runs on its own cadence, separate from the daily meeting, and only pulls in work that is genuinely ready.
- What gets pulled in is limited to what the board's own capacity can actually absorb next.
Going wrong looks like:
- It gets skipped, so new work is added to the board ad hoc whenever someone thinks of it.
- Items are pulled in before they are ready, so they stall on the board waiting for information that should have been settled first.
- Delivery Planning Meeting
- A regular meeting where the team plans the next delivery of finished work.
Crosswalk: Meetings - Service Delivery Review
- A regular review of how well the service is meeting its delivery targets.
Crosswalk: 8.3 - Operations Review
- A regular review across teams of how the whole operation is performing.
Crosswalk: 4.5 - Risk Review
- A regular review of the risks facing the work and how they are being handled.
Crosswalk: 11.7 - Strategy Review
- A periodic review of whether the work still serves the organization's direction.
Crosswalk: 4.1
Artifact
- Kanban Board
- A shared board with a column for each stage of the workflow.
Crosswalk: Data Representation - Card
- One card for one piece of work, moved across the board as its state changes.
Crosswalk: 5.4
Policy
- Visualize the Workflow
- A board that shows every piece of work and which stage it is in.
Crosswalk: Data RepresentationRunning it well:
- The board's columns match the path work actually follows, not an idealized version of it.
- Every piece of work in progress has a card on the board, with nothing moving through a side channel the board can't see.
Going wrong looks like:
- Hidden work never gets a card, so the board stops reflecting what people are actually doing.
- The board is updated in a weekly meeting instead of as work actually moves, so it is always stale.
- Limit Work in Progress
- A hard cap on how many items each stage of work may hold at once.
Crosswalk: Resource OptimizationRunning it well:
- Each column's limit is a hard cap that holds even when it would be convenient to start one more thing.
- When a column is at its limit, the team helps clear it rather than starting new work elsewhere.
Going wrong looks like:
- The limit gets raised whenever it becomes inconvenient, until it no longer limits anything.
- Limits are set once and never revisited even as the team's capacity changes.
- Manage Flow
- Watching how smoothly items move through the stages to catch delays early.
Crosswalk: 6.6Running it well:
- Cycle time and where items stall are watched as a trend over many items, not judged from one anecdote.
- A stall gets attention while the item is still on the board, not after it finally ships.
Going wrong looks like:
- Flow metrics are collected and displayed but nobody acts on what they show.
- Attention only goes to the newest or loudest item, not the one that has actually stalled longest.
- Make Policies Explicit
- Writing down the rules for moving work forward so everyone applies them the same way.
Crosswalk: 8.1Running it well:
- The rules for moving work forward are written down somewhere everyone can reach, not kept in one person's head.
- A dispute about whether an item can move gets settled by pointing at the written policy.
Going wrong looks like:
- The real rule for moving work only exists as one senior person's judgment, so decisions vary by who is asked.
- Policies are written once and never checked against how work is actually moving.
- Implement Feedback Loops
- Holding the regular reviews below so the process itself keeps improving.
Crosswalk: Meetings - Improve Collaboratively
- Changing the process one small, agreed step at a time, based on the evidence.
Crosswalk: 8.2 - Start With What You Do Now
- Begin with the way work happens today instead of redesigning it first.
Crosswalk: none — PMBOK-6 assumes a plan precedes execution; it carries no principle of starting from the current, unchanged process. - Pursue Incremental Change
- Agree to make small, gradual improvements rather than one big overhaul.
Crosswalk: 8.2 - Encourage Leadership at Every Level
- Support anyone, not only managers, in acting to improve how work gets done.
Crosswalk: none — PMBOK-6 assigns improvement authority to named roles (sponsor, manager); it names no principle of leadership from any level. - Focus on Customer Needs
- Understand and focus on what the customer actually expects.
Crosswalk: 5.2 - Manage the Work, Not the People
- Manage the work itself and let people decide how to organize around it.
Crosswalk: 9.4 - Evolve Policies to Improve Outcomes
- Regularly adjust the rules for how work moves to get better results.
Crosswalk: 8.2
Metric
- Work in Progress
- Counting how many items are actively being worked on right now.
Crosswalk: 6.6 - Lead Time
- How long an item takes from being requested to being delivered.
Crosswalk: 6.6 - Cycle Time
- How long an item takes once work on it actually starts.
Crosswalk: 6.6 - Throughput
- How many items finish in a given period of time.
Crosswalk: 6.6
Board Policy Template
- Name every column on the board and what 'done' means to leave it for the next one.
- Set an explicit work-in-progress limit for each column that needs one.
- State the pull rule: a column pulls from upstream only when it has spare capacity.
- Write down what makes an item eligible to enter the board at all.
- Record how blocked work is marked and who is responsible for unblocking it.
- Set the cadence for reviewing and changing these policies.